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CSS3 - 对过渡（transition）进行调速，以及延时

作者：hangge | 2015-12-24 08:30
1，使用调速函数控制过渡效果的速度曲线（加速，减速等） 
使用调速函数可以设置过渡效果的速度曲线，从而实现过渡效果随着时间来改变其速度。比如：开始很慢然后加速或者开始很快然后减速。

（1）CSS3定义了如下的调速函数：
linear               规定以相同速度开始至结束的过渡效果（等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1)）。
ease                规定慢速开始，然后变快，然后慢速结束的过渡效果（cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1)）。
ease-in            规定以慢速开始的过渡效果（等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,1,1)）。
ease-out          规定以慢速结束的过渡效果（等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1)）。
ease-in-out      规定以慢速开始和结束的过渡效果（等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,0.58,1)）。
cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)    在 cubic-bezier 函数中定义自己的值。可能的值是 0 至 1 之间的数值。

（2）调速函数的使用
使用时只需要把调速函数跟在过渡属性的时间参数后面。如果不填的话则使用默认调速函数（ease） 
transition: opacity 10s ease-in-out;

（3）使用样例1：
下面通过样例演示各种调速函数的效果区别。鼠标移入方框，方框内的方块会向右移动，同时方块会旋转，边角变圆角，背景色和文字颜色也在改变。这些样式的改变都会有过渡效果，同时由于使用不同的调速函数，过渡的快慢也是有区别的。
ease
(default)
ease-in
ease-out
ease-in-out
linear
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
	<head>
	<title>hangge.com</title>
	<style>
		.trans_box {
			padding: 20px;
			background-color: #f0f3f9;
			*zoom:1;
		}

		.trans_list {
			width: 10%;
			height: 64px;
			margin:10px 0;
			background-color:#2D9900;
			color:#fff;
			text-align:center;
		}

		.linear {
			-webkit-transition: all 4s linear;
			-moz-transition: all 4s linear;
			-o-transition: all 4s linear;
			transition: all 4s linear;
		}

		.ease {
			-webkit-transition: all 4s ease;
			-moz-transition: all 4s ease;
			-o-transition: all 4s ease;
			transition: all 4s ease;
		}

		.ease_in {
			-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in;
			-moz-transition: all 4s ease-in;
			-o-transition: all 4s ease-in;
			transition: all 4s ease-in;
		}

		.ease_out {
			-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-out;
			-moz-transition: all 4s ease-out;
			-o-transition: all 4s ease-out;
			transition: all 4s ease-out;
		}

		.ease_in_out {
			-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
			-moz-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
			-o-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
			transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
		}

		.trans_box:hover .trans_list, .trans_box_hover .trans_list {
			margin-left:89%;
			background-color:#beceeb;
			color:#333;
			-webkit-border-radius:25px;
			-moz-border-radius:25px;
			-o-border-radius:25px;
			border-radius:25px;		
			-webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);
			-moz-transform: rotate(360deg);
			-o-transform: rotate(360deg);
			transform: rotate(360deg);				
		}
	</style>
</head>
<div id="transBox" class="trans_box">	
    <div class="trans_list ease">ease<br>(default)</div>
    <div class="trans_list ease_in">ease-in</div>
    <div class="trans_list ease_out">ease-out</div>
    <div class="trans_list ease_in_out">ease-in-out</div>    
	<div class="trans_list linear">linear</div>
</div>
</html>

（4）使用样例2：
下面通过对柱状图的宽度改变过渡，演示不同调速函数的效果区别。
ease
(default)
ease-in
ease-out
ease-in-out
linear
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style> 
div
{
margin:10px 0;
width:100px;
height:50px;
background:#2D9900;
color:white;
font-weight:bold;
transition:width 2s;
-moz-transition:width 2s; /* Firefox 4 */
-webkit-transition:width 2s; /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transition:width 2s; /* Opera */
}

#div1 {transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}

/* Firefox 4: */
#div1 {-moz-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}

/* Safari and Chrome: */
#div1 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}

/* Opera: */
#div1 {-o-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}

.trans_box:hover div
{
width:500px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="transBox" class="trans_box">		
	<div id="div2" style="top:150px">ease<br>(default)</div>
	<div id="div3" style="top:200px">ease-in</div>
	<div id="div4" style="top:250px">ease-out</div>
	<div id="div5" style="top:300px">ease-in-out</div>
	<div id="div1" style="top:100px">linear</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2，为过渡增加延时
过渡属性还可以添加一个可选的延时，用以将过渡的开始推迟一段时间。下面是一个等待1秒的例子。
延时1秒
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
	<head>
	<title>hangge.com</title>
	<style>
		.trans_box3 {
			padding: 20px;
			background-color: #f0f3f9;
			*zoom:1;
		}

		.trans_box3 div{
			width:100px;
			height:50px;
			background:#2D9900;
			color:white;
			font-weight:bold;

			-webkit-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
			-moz-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
			-o-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
			transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
		}

		.trans_box3:hover div
		{
			width:500px;
		}
	</style>
</head>
<div class="trans_box3">	
    <div>延时1秒</div>
</div>
</html>
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