SpringBoot - 使用hbase-client操作HBase教程1(基本用法)
作者:hangge | 2020-09-10 08:10
HBase 是一个分布式的、面向列的开源的 NoSQL 数据库。Spring Boot 项目如果需要操作 HBase 通常有如下几种客户端可以使用:
- hbase-client:比较底层,需要自己进一步封装 api,而且版本号和安装的 hbase 也要匹配,否则会报错
- spring-data-hadoop:2019 年 4 月 5 停止维护
- Apache Phoenix:使用 SQL 的方式来操作 HBase。Phoenix 的性能很高(进行简单查询,其性能量级是毫秒),相对于 hbase 原生的 scan 并不会差多少,而对于类似的组件 hive、Impala 等,性能有着显著的提升
本文演示如何使用 hbase-client 操作 HBase 数据库。
一、安装配置
1,环境准备
(1)关于 HBase 的安装,可以参考我之前写的文章:
(2)同时 HBase 服务器主机名不能为 localhost,否则客户端无法连接,具体参考我另一篇文章:
2,项目配置
(1)首先编辑项目的 pom.xml 文件,添加 hbase-client 依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency>
(2)然后在 application.properties 中添加 HBase 相关配置(即 ZooKeeper 的地址和端口):
# HBase 数据源配置 hbase.config.hbase.zookeeper.quorum=192.168.60.133 hbase.config.hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort=2181
3,编写工具类
(1)首先编写 HBaseConfig.java 来读取配置文件,获取 hbase 参数:
(2)由于 hbase-client 比较底层,我们还要封装一个 HBaseUtils.java 工具类,实现创建表、插入、读取、删除数据:
@Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hbase") public class HBaseConfig { private Map<String, String> config = new HashMap<>(); public Map<String, String> getConfig() { return config; } public void setConfig(Map<String, String> config) { this.config = config; } public org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration configuration() { org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); for(Map.Entry<String, String> map : config.entrySet()){ configuration.set(map.getKey(), map.getValue()); } return configuration; } @Bean public Admin admin() { Admin admin = null; try { Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration()); admin = connection.getAdmin(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return admin; } }
(2)由于 hbase-client 比较底层,我们还要封装一个 HBaseUtils.java 工具类,实现创建表、插入、读取、删除数据:
@Service public class HBaseUtils { @Autowired private Admin hbaseAdmin; /** * 判断表是否存在 * * @param tableName 表名 * @return true/false */ public boolean isExists(String tableName) { boolean tableExists = false; try { TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName); tableExists = hbaseAdmin.tableExists(table); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return tableExists; } /** * 创建表 * @param tableName 表名 * @param columnFamily 列族 * @return true/false */ public boolean createTable(String tableName, List<String> columnFamily) { return createTable(tableName, columnFamily, null); } /** * 预分区创建表 * @param tableName 表名 * @param columnFamily 列族 * @param keys 分区集合 * @return true/false */ public boolean createTable(String tableName, List<String> columnFamily, List<String> keys) { if (!isExists(tableName)) { try { TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName); HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(table); for (String cf : columnFamily) { desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf)); } if (keys == null) { hbaseAdmin.createTable(desc); } else { byte[][] splitKeys = getSplitKeys(keys); hbaseAdmin.createTable(desc, splitKeys); } return true; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { System.out.println(tableName + "is exists!!!"); return false; } return false; } /** * 删除表 * * @param tableName 表名 */ public void dropTable(String tableName) throws IOException { if (isExists(tableName)) { TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName); hbaseAdmin.disableTable(table); hbaseAdmin.deleteTable(table); } } /** * 插入数据(单条) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @param columnFamily 列族 * @param column 列 * @param value 值 * @return true/false */ public boolean putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String column, String value) { return putData(tableName, rowKey, columnFamily, Arrays.asList(column), Arrays.asList(value)); } /** * 插入数据(批量) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @param columnFamily 列族 * @param columns 列 * @param values 值 * @return true/false */ public boolean putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, List<String> columns, List<String> values) { try { Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); for (int i=0; i<columns.size(); i++) { put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(columns.get(i)), Bytes.toBytes(values.get(i))); } table.put(put); table.close(); return true; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 获取数据(全表数据) * @param tableName 表名 * @return map */ public List<Map<String, String>> getData(String tableName) { List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<>(); try { Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Scan scan = new Scan(); ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan); for(Result result : resultScanner) { HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); //rowkey String row = Bytes.toString(result.getRow()); map.put("row", row); for (Cell cell : result.listCells()) { //列族 String family = Bytes.toString(cell.getFamilyArray(), cell.getFamilyOffset(), cell.getFamilyLength()); //列 String qualifier = Bytes.toString(cell.getQualifierArray(), cell.getQualifierOffset(), cell.getQualifierLength()); //值 String data = Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength()); map.put(family + ":" + qualifier, data); } list.add(map); } table.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return list; } /** * 获取数据(根据rowkey) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @return map */ public Map<String, String> getData(String tableName, String rowKey) { HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); try { Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); Result result = table.get(get); if (result != null && !result.isEmpty()) { for (Cell cell : result.listCells()) { //列族 String family = Bytes.toString(cell.getFamilyArray(), cell.getFamilyOffset(), cell.getFamilyLength()); //列 String qualifier = Bytes.toString(cell.getQualifierArray(), cell.getQualifierOffset(), cell.getQualifierLength()); //值 String data = Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength()); map.put(family + ":" + qualifier, data); } } table.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return map; } /** * 获取数据(根据rowkey,列族,列) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @param columnFamily 列族 * @param columnQualifier 列 * @return map */ public String getData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String columnQualifier) { String data = ""; try { Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(columnQualifier)); Result result = table.get(get); if (result != null && !result.isEmpty()) { Cell cell = result.listCells().get(0); data = Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength()); } table.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return data; } /** * 删除数据(根据rowkey) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey */ public void deleteData(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{ Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); table.delete(delete); table.close(); } /** * 删除数据(根据rowkey,列族) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @param columnFamily 列族 */ public void deleteData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily) throws IOException{ Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); delete.addFamily(columnFamily.getBytes()); table.delete(delete); table.close(); } /** * 删除数据(根据rowkey,列族) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKey rowKey * @param columnFamily 列族 * @param column 列 */ public void deleteData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String column) throws IOException{ Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)); delete.addColumn(columnFamily.getBytes(), column.getBytes()); table.delete(delete); table.close(); } /** * 删除数据(多行) * @param tableName 表名 * @param rowKeys rowKey集合 */ public void deleteData(String tableName, List<String> rowKeys) throws IOException{ Table table = hbaseAdmin.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); List<Delete> deleteList = new ArrayList<>(); for(String row : rowKeys){ Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row)); deleteList.add(delete); } table.delete(deleteList); table.close(); } /** * 分区【10, 20, 30】 -> ( ,10] (10,20] (20,30] (30, ) * @param keys 分区集合[10, 20, 30] * @return byte二维数组 */ private byte[][] getSplitKeys(List<String> keys) { byte[][] splitKeys = new byte[keys.size()][]; TreeSet<byte[]> rows = new TreeSet<>(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR); for(String key : keys) { rows.add(Bytes.toBytes(key)); } int i = 0; for (byte[] row : rows) { splitKeys[i] = row; i ++; } return splitKeys; } }
附:使用样例
(1)下面创建一个 Controller 调用 HBaseUtils 来操作 HBase 数据库:
(2)使用浏览器访问 /test 接口,可以看到控制台输出如下:
@RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private HBaseUtils hbaseUtils; @GetMapping("/test") public void test() throws IOException { System.out.println("---开始创建test表---"); hbaseUtils.createTable("test", Arrays.asList("cf")); System.out.println("---判断test表是否存在---"); Boolean t = hbaseUtils.isExists("test"); System.out.println(t); System.out.println("\n---插入一列数据---"); hbaseUtils.putData("test", "row1", "cf", "a", "value1-1"); System.out.println("\n---插入多列数据---"); hbaseUtils.putData("test", "row2", "cf", Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"), Arrays.asList("value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3")); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey、列族、列查询数据---"); String columnData = hbaseUtils.getData("test", "row2", "cf", "b"); System.out.println(columnData); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey查询数据---"); Map<String, String> rowData = hbaseUtils.getData("test", "row2"); System.out.println(rowData); System.out.println("\n---查询全表数据---"); List<Map<String, String>> tableData = hbaseUtils.getData("test"); System.out.println(tableData); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey、列族、列删除数据---"); hbaseUtils.deleteData("test", "row2", "cf", "b"); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey、列族删除数据---"); hbaseUtils.deleteData("test", "row2", "cf"); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey删除数据---"); hbaseUtils.deleteData("test", "row2"); System.out.println("\n---根据rowkey批量删除数据---"); hbaseUtils.deleteData("test", Arrays.asList("row1", "row2")); System.out.println("\n---删除表---"); hbaseUtils.dropTable("test"); } }
(2)使用浏览器访问 /test 接口,可以看到控制台输出如下:
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