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Swift - 使用Alamofire通过HTTPS进行网络请求，及证书的使用

作者：hangge | 2016-02-05 10:06
（本文代码已升级至Swift3） 

我原来写过一篇文章介绍如何使用证书通过SSL/TLS方式进行网络请求（Swift - 使用URLSession通过HTTPS进行网络请求，及证书的使用），当时用的是 URLSession。
本文介绍如何使用 Alamofire 来实现HTTPS网络请求，由于Alamofire就是对URLSession的封装，所以实现起来区别不大。
（如果Alamofire的配置使用不了解的，可以先去看看我原来写的文章：Swift - HTTP网络操作库Alamofire使用详解）

一，证书的生成，以及服务器配置
参考我前面写的这篇文章：Tomcat服务器配置https双向认证（使用keytool生成证书）
文章详细介绍了HTTPS，SSL/TLS。还有使用key tool生成自签名证书，Tomcat下https服务的配置。

二，Alamofire使用HTTPS进行网络请求
1，证书导入
前面文章介绍了通过客户端浏览器访问HTTPS服务需，需要安装“mykey.p12”，“tomcat.cer”这两个证书。同样，我们开发的应用中也需要把这两个证书添加进来。

记的同时在 “工程” -> “Build Phases” -> “Copy Bundle Resources” 中添加这两个证书文件。


2，配置Info.plist
由于我们使用的是自签名的证书，而苹果ATS（App Transport Security）只信任知名CA颁发的证书，所以在iOS9下即使是HTTPS请求还是会被ATS拦截。
所以在Info.plist下添加如下配置（iOS8不需要）：
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
	<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
	<true/>
</dict>

3，使用两个证书进行双向验证，以及网络请求 
import UIKit
import Alamofire

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        //认证相关设置
        let manager = SessionManager.default
        manager.delegate.sessionDidReceiveChallenge = { session, challenge in
            //认证服务器证书
            if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
                == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
                print("服务端证书认证！")
                let serverTrust:SecTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!
                let certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(serverTrust, 0)!
                let remoteCertificateData
                    = CFBridgingRetain(SecCertificateCopyData(certificate))!
                let cerPath = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "tomcat", ofType: "cer")!
                let cerUrl = URL(fileURLWithPath:cerPath)
                let localCertificateData = try! Data(contentsOf: cerUrl)
                
                if (remoteCertificateData.isEqual(localCertificateData) == true) {
                    
                    let credential = URLCredential(trust: serverTrust)
                    challenge.sender?.use(credential, for: challenge)
                    return (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition.useCredential,
                            URLCredential(trust: challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!))
                    
                } else {
                    return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
                }
            }
            //认证客户端证书
            else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
                == NSURLAuthenticationMethodClientCertificate {
                print("客户端证书认证！")
                //获取客户端证书相关信息
                let identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust = self.extractIdentity();
                
                let urlCredential:URLCredential = URLCredential(
                    identity: identityAndTrust.identityRef,
                    certificates: identityAndTrust.certArray as? [AnyObject],
                    persistence: URLCredential.Persistence.forSession);
                
                return (.useCredential, urlCredential);
            }
            // 其它情况（不接受认证）
            else {
                print("其它情况（不接受认证）")
                return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
            }
        }
        
        //数据请求
        Alamofire.request("https://192.168.1.112:8443")
            .responseString { response in
                print(response)
        }
    }
    
    //获取客户端证书相关信息
    func extractIdentity() -> IdentityAndTrust {
        var identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust!
        var securityError:OSStatus = errSecSuccess
        
        let path: String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "mykey", ofType: "p12")!
        let PKCS12Data = NSData(contentsOfFile:path)!
        let key : NSString = kSecImportExportPassphrase as NSString
        let options : NSDictionary = [key : "123456"] //客户端证书密码
        //create variable for holding security information
        //var privateKeyRef: SecKeyRef? = nil
        
        var items : CFArray?
        
        securityError = SecPKCS12Import(PKCS12Data, options, &items)
        
        if securityError == errSecSuccess {
            let certItems:CFArray = items as CFArray!;
            let certItemsArray:Array = certItems as Array
            let dict:AnyObject? = certItemsArray.first;
            if let certEntry:Dictionary = dict as? Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
                // grab the identity
                let identityPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["identity"];
                let secIdentityRef:SecIdentity = identityPointer as! SecIdentity!
                print("\(identityPointer)  :::: \(secIdentityRef)")
                // grab the trust
                let trustPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["trust"]
                let trustRef:SecTrust = trustPointer as! SecTrust
                print("\(trustPointer)  :::: \(trustRef)")
                // grab the cert
                let chainPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["chain"]
                identityAndTrust = IdentityAndTrust(identityRef: secIdentityRef,
                                        trust: trustRef, certArray:  chainPointer!)
            }
        }
        return identityAndTrust;
    }
    
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

//定义一个结构体，存储认证相关信息
struct IdentityAndTrust {
    var identityRef:SecIdentity
    var trust:SecTrust
    var certArray:AnyObject
}
控制台打印输出如下：

4，只使用一个客户端证书
由于我们使用的是自签名的证书，那么对服务器的认证全由客户端这边判断。也就是说其实使用一个客户端证书“mykey.p12”也是可以的（项目中也只需导入一个证书）。
当对服务器进行验证的时候，判断服务主机地址是否正确，是的话信任即可（代码高亮部分） 
import UIKit
import Alamofire

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    //自签名网站地址
    let selfSignedHosts = ["192.168.1.112", "www.hangge.com"]
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        //认证相关设置
        let manager = SessionManager.default
        manager.delegate.sessionDidReceiveChallenge = { session, challenge in
            //认证服务器（这里不使用服务器证书认证，只需地址是我们定义的几个地址即可信任）
            if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
                == NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust
                && self.selfSignedHosts.contains(challenge.protectionSpace.host) {
                print("服务器认证！")
                let credential = URLCredential(trust: challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!)
                return (.useCredential, credential)
            }
            //认证客户端证书
            else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
                == NSURLAuthenticationMethodClientCertificate {
                print("客户端证书认证！")
                //获取客户端证书相关信息
                let identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust = self.extractIdentity();
                
                let urlCredential:URLCredential = URLCredential(
                    identity: identityAndTrust.identityRef,
                    certificates: identityAndTrust.certArray as? [AnyObject],
                    persistence: URLCredential.Persistence.forSession);
                
                return (.useCredential, urlCredential);
            }
            // 其它情况（不接受认证）
            else {
                print("其它情况（不接受认证）")
                return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
            }
        }
        
        //数据请求
        Alamofire.request("https://192.168.1.112:8443")
            .responseString { response in
                print(response)
        }
    }
    
    //获取客户端证书相关信息
    func extractIdentity() -> IdentityAndTrust {
        var identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust!
        var securityError:OSStatus = errSecSuccess
        
        let path: String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "mykey", ofType: "p12")!
        let PKCS12Data = NSData(contentsOfFile:path)!
        let key : NSString = kSecImportExportPassphrase as NSString
        let options : NSDictionary = [key : "123456"] //客户端证书密码
        //create variable for holding security information
        //var privateKeyRef: SecKeyRef? = nil
        
        var items : CFArray?
        
        securityError = SecPKCS12Import(PKCS12Data, options, &items)
        
        if securityError == errSecSuccess {
            let certItems:CFArray = items as CFArray!;
            let certItemsArray:Array = certItems as Array
            let dict:AnyObject? = certItemsArray.first;
            if let certEntry:Dictionary = dict as? Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
                // grab the identity
                let identityPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["identity"];
                let secIdentityRef:SecIdentity = identityPointer as! SecIdentity!
                print("\(identityPointer)  :::: \(secIdentityRef)")
                // grab the trust
                let trustPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["trust"]
                let trustRef:SecTrust = trustPointer as! SecTrust
                print("\(trustPointer)  :::: \(trustRef)")
                // grab the cert
                let chainPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["chain"]
                identityAndTrust = IdentityAndTrust(identityRef: secIdentityRef,
                                        trust: trustRef, certArray:  chainPointer!)
            }
        }
        return identityAndTrust;
    }
    
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }
}

//定义一个结构体，存储认证相关信息
struct IdentityAndTrust {
    var identityRef:SecIdentity
    var trust:SecTrust
    var certArray:AnyObject
}
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